{"id":481,"date":"2025-06-19T00:41:29","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T22:41:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ortopad.hiseo.cz\/?p=481"},"modified":"2025-06-19T00:41:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T22:41:32","slug":"ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/sk\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/","title":{"rendered":"Ortop\u00e9dia a \u0161koly zraku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ortop\u00e9dia je \u0161pecializovan\u00fd odbor oftalmol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 prevencia, diagnostika a lie\u010dba por\u00fach binokul\u00e1rneho videnia<\/strong>ako je funk\u010dn\u00e1 slabos\u0165 zraku, \u017emurkanie, tremor o\u010d\u00ed alebo poruchy o\u010dn\u00fdch pohybov. Ortoptici zvy\u010dajne pracuj\u00fa na o\u010dn\u00fdch klinik\u00e1ch, o\u010dn\u00fdch ambulanci\u00e1ch alebo rehabilita\u010dn\u00fdch zariadeniach so zameran\u00edm na oftalmol\u00f3giu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zo \u0161koly zraku do o\u010dn\u00e9ho centra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pojem \"\u0161kola zraku\" je trochu zastaran\u00fd a ozna\u010duje pracovisk\u00e1 na o\u010dn\u00fdch klinik\u00e1ch, v nemocniciach a ambulanci\u00e1ch, kde ortoptici v spolupr\u00e1ci s oftalmol\u00f3gmi diagnostikuj\u00fa a lie\u010dia poruchy binokul\u00e1rneho videnia. Dnes sa tieto oddelenia \u010dastej\u0161ie ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako \"ortop\u00e9dia\". Niektor\u00e9 univerzitn\u00e9 kliniky maj\u00fa o\u010dn\u00e9 oddelenia \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 na v\u00fdskum a lie\u010dbu strabizmu (\u0161t\u00fadia \u0161ku\u013eania) a neurooftalmol\u00f3gie, na ktor\u00fdch tie\u017e pracuj\u00fa ortoptici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozsah p\u00f4sobnosti ortoptiky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ortop\u00e9dia sa zameriava najm\u00e4 na binokul\u00e1rne videnie, koordin\u00e1ciu oboch o\u010d\u00ed (motorick\u00fa a senzorick\u00fa) a ich ochorenia. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom je prevencia detsk\u00fdch o\u010dn\u00fdch a \u0161ku\u013eav\u00fdch por\u00fach, ako aj lie\u010dba a zlep\u0161enie zraku, aby sa predi\u0161lo trval\u00fdm n\u00e1sledkom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U doj\u010diat a mal\u00fdch det\u00ed mo\u017eno niektor\u00e9 poruchy korigova\u0165 pomerne \u013eahko, ale rehabilit\u00e1cia zraku je mo\u017en\u00e1 aj u dospievaj\u00facich a dospel\u00fdch. Klasickou terapiou je napr. okl\u00fazia alebo lie\u010dba o\u010dn\u00fdmi n\u00e1plas\u0165ami<\/strong>pre ktor\u00e9 boli \u0161peci\u00e1lne vyvinut\u00e9 n\u00e1plasti na o\u010di ORTOPAD\u00ae od spolo\u010dnosti Trusetal Verbandstoffwerk GmbH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terapia zah\u0155\u0148a aj predp\u00edsanie okuliarov alebo v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch oper\u00e1ciu na odstr\u00e1nenie o\u010dnej chyby. Niekedy sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj \u0161peci\u00e1lne pr\u00edstrojov\u00e9 met\u00f3dy (pleoptika). Okrem diagnostiky a lie\u010dby m\u00e1 ortop\u00e9dia aj rehabilita\u010dn\u00fa funkciu, napr\u00edklad pre pacientov so slab\u00fdm zrakom alebo po po\u0161koden\u00ed mozgu. Cie\u013eom je optimalizova\u0165 zost\u00e1vaj\u00face zrakov\u00e9 schopnosti a tr\u00e9nova\u0165 strat\u00e9gie, ktor\u00e9 pacientovi pom\u00f4\u017eu znovu sa zaradi\u0165 do spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho a pracovn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rehabilita\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Rehabilita\u010dn\u00fd zrakov\u00fd tr\u00e9ning na n\u00e1cvik vhodn\u00fdch zrakov\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed a udr\u017eanie alebo obnovenie schopnosti \u010d\u00edtania (u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 napr\u00edklad po mozgovej pr\u00edhode alebo strate zorn\u00e9ho po\u013ea).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Lep\u0161ia orient\u00e1cia v priestore.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Prisp\u00f4sobenie pom\u00f4cok (lupy, tr\u00e9ning mobility).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • N\u00e1cvik \u010d\u00edtania a p\u00edsania pomocou digit\u00e1lnych pom\u00f4cok.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u010eal\u0161ie poradenstvo o mo\u017enostiach lie\u010dby.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Psychologick\u00e1 podpora na motiv\u00e1ciu a prijatie situ\u00e1cie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Priebeh vy\u0161etrenia v \u0161kole zraku (ortop\u00e9dia)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0160kola zraku je oddelenie pre lie\u010dbu \u0161ku\u013eavosti na univerzitn\u00fdch klinik\u00e1ch a o\u010dn\u00fdch oddeleniach. Podobne m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 k o\u010dnej klinike pripojen\u00e9 ortopedick\u00e9 oddelenie pod n\u00e1zvom \"\u0161kola zraku\". Na takomto oddelen\u00ed okrem oftalmol\u00f3ga pracuj\u00fa aj ortoptici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Lie\u010dia sa tu funk\u010dn\u00e9 poruchy zraku, ako je nystagmus (tremor o\u010d\u00ed), poruchy koordin\u00e1cie o\u010d\u00ed, \u017emurkanie, \u0161k\u00falenie, dvojit\u00e9 videnie (amblyopia), dvojit\u00e9 videnie, ochrnutie o\u010dn\u00fdch svalov alebo nespr\u00e1vne dr\u017eanie hlavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pred lie\u010dbou sa vykon\u00e1 podrobn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie, ktor\u00e9 otestuje funkciu o\u010d\u00ed - priestorov\u00e9 videnie, kontrastn\u00e9 videnie, farebn\u00e9 videnie, reakciu zreni\u010diek, pohyblivos\u0165 o\u010d\u00ed, refrak\u010dn\u00fa chybu a spolupr\u00e1cu oboch o\u010d\u00ed. Kontroluj\u00fa sa aj \u0161trukt\u00fary oka: rohovka, \u0161o\u0161ovka, sklovec a nervy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Diagnostika \u017emurkania<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ortoptik a oftalmol\u00f3g spolo\u010dne vykonaj\u00fa nieko\u013eko vy\u0161etren\u00ed. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za je rozhoduj\u00faca pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa lie\u010dbu \u017emurkania. V\u010faka modern\u00fdm diagnostick\u00fdm met\u00f3dam je ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u0161anca na v\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalenie por\u00fach, ako je nystagmus, \u0161ku\u013eavos\u0165 alebo in\u00e9 ochorenia, po\u010das pravideln\u00fdch prevent\u00edvnych prehliadok u pediatra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u010dasn\u00e1 lie\u010dba \u017emurkania v ortop\u00e9dii pom\u00e1ha predch\u00e1dza\u0165 trvalej tupozrakosti. Ortop\u00e9dia sa venuje nielen de\u0165om, ale aj dospel\u00fdm pacientom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vy\u0161etrenie zrakovej ostrosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Aby sa presne zistilo, \u010do ka\u017ed\u00e9 oko vid\u00ed, po\u010das ortoptick\u00e9ho vy\u0161etrenia sa zakryje jedno oko. Die\u0165a sleduje p\u00edsmeno \"E\" alebo symbol premietan\u00fd na stenu a ukazuje na miesto, kam smeruj\u00fa jeho nohy, alebo vyber\u00e1 zodpovedaj\u00faci symbol (kruh, \u0161tvorec, dom, jablko).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Potom sa testuje ostros\u0165 videnia na bl\u00edzko, op\u00e4\u0165 so zakryt\u00fdm jedn\u00fdm okom. Toto vy\u0161etrenie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre \u00faspe\u0161nos\u0165 okluz\u00edvnej lie\u010dby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kontrola pohybu o\u010d\u00ed a test \u017emurkania<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Pomocou vhodn\u00e9ho predmetu ortoptik testuje, \u010di o\u010di sleduj\u00fa predmet vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch smeroch. Pri teste \u017emurkania sa striedavo zakr\u00fdvaj\u00fa obe o\u010di a pozoruje sa pohyb o\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pri vn\u00fatornom \u017emurkan\u00ed sa oko posunie do stredu, ke\u010f je druh\u00e9 oko zakryt\u00e9. Na meranie uhla \u017emurkania sa pou\u017e\u00edva hranol, ktor\u00fd sa umiest\u0148uje pred oko r\u00f4znymi \u0161o\u0161ovkami, k\u00fdm sa oko nepohne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fix\u00e1cia a stereotest<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ortoptik vykon\u00e1va aj fix\u00e1ciu - ur\u010duje, ktorou \u010das\u0165ou sietnice je oko fixovan\u00e9. Pomocou oftalmoskopu premietne na sietnicu hviezdu, ktor\u00fa die\u0165a sleduje. Zvy\u010dajne je fix\u00e1cia v strede sietnice, ale pri \u0161ku\u013ean\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 fix\u00e1cia mimo stredu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Potom sa vykon\u00e1 skiaskopia, aby sa po roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed zorn\u00edc ur\u010dila potreba okuliarov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nakoniec ortoptik otestuje priestorov\u00e9 videnie pomocou stereotestu, pri ktorom m\u00e1 die\u0165a nasaden\u00e9 polariza\u010dn\u00e9 okuliare a ukazuje mu testovacie obr\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Konzult\u00e1cie s rodi\u010dmi a okluz\u00edvna terapia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Vy\u0161etrenie sa kon\u010d\u00ed rozhovorom s rodi\u010dmi, ktor\u00ed sa p\u00fdtaj\u00fa na pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my die\u0165a\u0165a (nemotornos\u0165, \u010dast\u00e9 p\u00e1dy, \u017emurkanie). Rodi\u010dia tie\u017e op\u00ed\u0161u, na ktor\u00e9 oko a odkedy \u017emurkanie pozoruj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pred za\u010dat\u00edm lie\u010dby okluzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1plas\u0165ami si die\u0165a zvykne na nosenie okuliarov, ktor\u00e9 musia by\u0165 spr\u00e1vne nastaven\u00e9. Terapia je individu\u00e1lne prisp\u00f4soben\u00e1 a k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 je motiv\u00e1cia die\u0165a\u0165a a rodi\u010dov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Priebe\u017en\u00e9 kontroly sleduj\u00fa zlep\u0161enie zraku die\u0165a\u0165a a jeho snahu spolupracova\u0165. Cie\u013eom je zlep\u0161i\u0165 spolupr\u00e1cu oboch o\u010d\u00ed a odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 rozmazan\u00e9 videnie a dvojit\u00e9 videnie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 \u017emurkan\u00edm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ortop\u00e9dia je \u0161pecializovan\u00fd odbor oftalmol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 prevenciou, diagnostikou a lie\u010dbou por\u00fach binokul\u00e1rneho videnia, ako s\u00fa funk\u010dn\u00e1 slabos\u0165 zraku, \u017emurkanie, tremor o\u010d\u00ed alebo poruchy o\u010dn\u00fdch pohybov. Ortoptici zvy\u010dajne pracuj\u00fa na o\u010dn\u00fdch klinik\u00e1ch, o\u010dn\u00fdch klinik\u00e1ch alebo rehabilita\u010dn\u00fdch zariadeniach so zameran\u00edm na oftalmol\u00f3giu. Od \u0161koly zraku k o\u010dn\u00e9mu centru Pojem \"\u0161kola zraku\" je u\u017e trochu zastaran\u00fd a [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":494,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky"],"yoast_head":"\nOrtoptika a zrakov\u00e9 \u0161koly - Ortopad\u00ae - ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed e-shop<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/sk\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/?wmc-currency=EUR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ortoptika a zrakov\u00e9 \u0161koly - Ortopad\u00ae - ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed e-shop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ortoptika je specializovan\u00e1 oblast o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 prevenc\u00ed, diagnostikou a l\u00e9\u010dbou poruch binokul\u00e1rn\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed, jako jsou funk\u010dn\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 slabosti, \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u0159es o\u010d\u00ed nebo poruchy pohybu o\u010d\u00ed. 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Od zrakov\u00e9 \u0161koly k o\u010dn\u00edmu centru Term\u00edn \u201ezrakov\u00e1 \u0161kola\u201c je trochu zastaral\u00fd […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/sk\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/?wmc-currency=EUR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ortopad\u00ae - ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed e-shop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-18T22:41:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-18T22:41:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Maedchen_mit_Messbrille-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ortopad\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ortopad\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ortopad\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/#\/schema\/person\/056a661ab916a1651433c424817ee811\"},\"headline\":\"Ortoptika a zrakov\u00e9 \u0161koly\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-18T22:41:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-18T22:41:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/\"},\"wordCount\":1104,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Maedchen_mit_Messbrille-scaled.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u010cl\u00e1nky\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/clanky\/ortoptika-a-zrakove-skoly\/\",\"name\":\"Ortoptika a zrakov\u00e9 \u0161koly - 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