{"id":479,"date":"2025-06-19T00:38:21","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T22:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ortopad.hiseo.cz\/?p=479"},"modified":"2025-06-19T00:38:22","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T22:38:22","slug":"tupozrakost-a-zrakove-postizeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/sk\/clanky\/tupozrakost-a-zrakove-postizeni\/","title":{"rendered":"Kr\u00e1tkozrakos\u0165 a poruchy zraku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Funk\u010dn\u00e1 tupozrakos\u0165 (amblyopia)<\/strong> jedn\u00e9ho alebo oboch o\u010d\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee - ak nie je v\u010das rozpoznan\u00fd a lie\u010den\u00fd - vies\u0165 k <strong>v\u00e1\u017ene a trval\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie zraku<\/strong> alebo dokonca na <strong>porucha zraku<\/strong>. Tupozrakos\u0165 vznik\u00e1 v\u017edy ako d\u00f4sledok u\u017e existuj\u00facich por\u00fach kvality obrazu na sietnici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed mozog prij\u00edma inform\u00e1cie z oboch o\u010d\u00ed <strong>ekvivalentn\u00e9 obrazov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie<\/strong>ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1ja do jednotn\u00e9ho vn\u00edmania.<br>Ak sa v\u0161ak kvalita obrazu zhor\u0161\u00ed v d\u00f4sledku <strong>refrak\u010dn\u00e9 chyby, zakalenie rohovky alebo \u0161o\u0161ovky<\/strong>, pravdepodobne v d\u00f4sledku <strong>\u017emurkanie<\/strong>, medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma obrazmi vznikaj\u00fa rozdiely. Mozog potom <strong>postupne ignoruje hor\u0161\u00ed obraz<\/strong> a prednostne sprac\u00fava tie kvalitnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Die\u0165a s okuliarmi na optotype<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak t\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia nastane <strong>po\u010das ran\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja zraku<\/strong>, t. j. v prv\u00fdch rokoch \u017eivota, sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 <strong>nezvratn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie zrakovej ostrosti<\/strong>. Tomuto v\u00fdvoju sa v\u0161ak d\u00e1 pred\u00eds\u0165, ak je amblyopia v\u010das diagnostikovan\u00e1 a lie\u010den\u00e1 oftalmol\u00f3gom a ortoptikom. Ve\u013emi \u010dasto sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee sa amblyopia tzv. <strong>\u0161ku\u013eav\u00e1 amblyopia (strabizmus)<\/strong>kde je \u017emurkanie pr\u00ed\u010dinou zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho rozvoja zraku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Terapia sa zvy\u010dajne za\u010d\u00edna po d\u00f4kladnej diagnostike pomocou <strong>o\u0161etrenie okl\u00fazie<\/strong> - t. j. zakrytie oka n\u00e1plas\u0165ou. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov je potrebn\u00e9 predp\u00edsa\u0165 <strong>okuliare<\/strong>ktor\u00e9 koriguj\u00fa refrak\u010dn\u00e9 chyby a <strong>zlep\u0161enie kvality zobrazenia<\/strong>\u010do je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre spr\u00e1vny v\u00fdvoj zraku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160ilhanie a tupozrakos\u0165<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Strabizmus (\u017emurkanie)<\/strong> a <strong>amblyopia (funk\u010dn\u00e1 tupos\u0165)<\/strong> s\u00fa ve\u013emi \u00fazko prepojen\u00e9. Mozog zvy\u010dajne prij\u00edma vysokokvalitn\u00fd obraz z oboch o\u010d\u00ed, ktor\u00fd sp\u00e1ja do jedn\u00e9ho zrakov\u00e9ho vnemu. Ak je v\u0161ak videnie jedn\u00e9ho alebo oboch o\u010d\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00e9, tento proces je ovplyvnen\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rozv\u00edja sa zrak <strong>v prv\u00fdch rokoch \u017eivota<\/strong> - spolupr\u00e1ca oboch o\u010d\u00ed sa postupne zlep\u0161uje. Po naroden\u00ed, ke\u010f dozrieva centr\u00e1lna \u010das\u0165 sietnice (makula) <strong>rozv\u00edja zrakov\u00fa ostros\u0165<\/strong>ako aj <strong>koordin\u00e1cia o\u010d\u00ed a priestorov\u00e9 videnie (stereoskopia)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na vytvorenie ostr\u00e9ho obrazu na sietnici je potrebn\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u017ee neexistuje \u017eiadna v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 refrak\u010dn\u00e1 chyba (napr. \u010falekozrakos\u0165),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aby bolo optick\u00e9 prostredie (rohovka a \u0161o\u0161ovka) \u010dist\u00e9,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a aby obe o\u010di dok\u00e1zali fixova\u0165 stred sietnice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odch\u00fdlka jedn\u00e9ho oka od osi fix\u00e1cie sa naz\u00fdva <strong>strabizmus<\/strong>. V tomto pr\u00edpade je mozog <strong>nedok\u00e1\u017ee spoji\u0165 obrazy oboch o\u010d\u00ed<\/strong> do jedn\u00e9ho vn\u00edmania, \u010do vedie k <strong>dvojit\u00e9 videnie<\/strong>. Ak tento stav pretrv\u00e1va, mozog sa sna\u017e\u00ed prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 a <strong>potl\u00e1\u010da obraz z menej dominantn\u00e9ho oka<\/strong> - zvy\u010dajne ten, ktor\u00fd kr\u00edva, alebo ten, ktor\u00fd zle vid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ak k tomu d\u00f4jde po\u010das obdobia vizu\u00e1lneho v\u00fdvoja, <strong>zrakov\u00e1 ostros\u0165 slab\u0161ieho oka sa nem\u00f4\u017ee norm\u00e1lne vyv\u00edja\u0165<\/strong> - vznik\u00e1 <strong>amblyopia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby deti <strong>v\u010dasn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrovanie<\/strong>aj ke\u010f <strong>nevykazuj\u00fa \u017eiadne zjavn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky zrakov\u00e9ho postihnutia<\/strong>.<br>U det\u00ed <strong>star\u0161ie ako \u0161tyri roky<\/strong> \u0161ance na \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa lie\u010dbu vrodenej \u0161ku\u013eavosti <strong>v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165<\/strong>.<br>Ak je porucha diagnostikovan\u00e1 len v <strong>\u0161kolsk\u00fd vek<\/strong>, je zvy\u010dajne v kombin\u00e1cii strabizmu a amblyopie <strong>nemo\u017enos\u0165 dosiahnu\u0165 pln\u00fa zrakov\u00fa funkciu<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Funk\u010dn\u00e9 rozmazan\u00e9 videnie (amblyopia) na jednom alebo oboch o\u010diach m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k v\u00e1\u017enemu a trval\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu zraku alebo dokonca k zrakov\u00e9mu postihnutiu, ak sa v\u010das nerozpozn\u00e1 a nelie\u010di. Tupozrakos\u0165 v\u017edy vznik\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku u\u017e existuj\u00facich por\u00fach kvality obrazu na sietnici. Za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed mozog dost\u00e1va rovnocenn\u00e9 zrakov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie z oboch o\u010d\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1ja do jedn\u00e9ho obrazu, ktor\u00fd je [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":490,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tupozrakost a zrakov\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed - Ortopad\u00ae - ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed e-shop<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ortopad.cz\/sk\/clanky\/tupozrakost-a-zrakove-postizeni\/?wmc-currency=EUR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tupozrakost a zrakov\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed - Ortopad\u00ae - ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed e-shop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Funk\u010dn\u00ed tupozrakost (amblyopie) jednoho nebo obou o\u010d\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u2013 pokud nen\u00ed v\u010das rozpozn\u00e1na a l\u00e9\u010dena \u2013 v\u00e9st k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9mu a trval\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku nebo dokonce k zrakov\u00e9mu posti\u017een\u00ed. 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